South Australia is a state The Commonwealth of Australia is made up of six states and two major mainland territories. There are also lesser territories that are under the administration of the federal government of Australia For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who belonged to one or more of the roughly 250 language groups. After sporadic visits by fishermen from the immediate north and discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by the British in the southern central part of the country. It covers some of the most arid parts of the continent; with a total land area of 983,482 square kilometres (379,725 sq mi), it is the fourth largest of Australia's six states and two territories.

South Australia shares borders with all of the mainland states and the Northern Territory The Northern Territory is a federal territory of Australia, occupying much of the centre of the mainland continent, as well as the central northern regions. It shares borders with Western Australia to the west , South Australia to the south (26th parallel south), and Queensland to the east (138th meridian east). It is bordered to the west by Western Australia Western Australia is a state of Australia, occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. Australia's largest state and the second largest subnational entity in the world, it has 2.2 million inhabitants , 85% of whom live in the south-west corner of the state, to the north by the Northern Territory, to the north-east by Queensland Coordinates: 23°0′S 143°0′E / 23°S 143°E Queensland is a state of Australia that occupies the north-eastern section of the mainland continent. It is bordered by the Northern Territory to the west, South Australia to the south-west and New South Wales to the south. To the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and Pacific Ocean, to the east by New South Wales New South Wales , Australia's most populous state, is located in the south-east of the country, north of Victoria, south of Queensland, east of South Australia and encompasses the whole of the Australian Capital Territory. It was founded in 1788 and originally comprised much of the Australian mainland, as well as Van Diemen's Land, Lord Howe, to the south-east by Victoria Victoria is the second most populous state in Australia. Geographically the smallest mainland state, Victoria is bordered by New South Wales to the north, South Australia to the west, and Tasmania to the south, across the Bass Strait. Victoria is the most densely populated state, and has a highly centralised population, with over 70% of Victorians, and to the south by the Great Australian Bight The Great Australian Bight is a large bight, or open bay located off the central and western portions of the southern coastline of mainland Australia and the Southern Ocean The Southern Ocean, also known as the Great Southern Ocean, the Antarctic Ocean and the South Polar Ocean, comprises the southernmost waters of the World Ocean, generally taken to be south of 60°S latitude and encircling Antarctica. It is usually regarded as the fourth-largest of the five principal oceanic divisions. This ocean zone is where cold,.^[2] With over 1.6 million people, the state comprises less than 8% of the Australian population and ranks fifth in population among the states and territories. The majority of its people reside in the state capital, Adelaide Adelaide is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of South Australia, and is the fifth-largest city in Australia. Adelaide has an estimated population of more than 1.28 million. A resident of Adelaide is known as an "Adelaidian".[citation needed], with most of the remainder settled in fertile areas along the south-eastern coast and River Murray The Murray River is Australia's longest river. At 2,375 kilometres (1,476 mi) in length, the Murray rises in the Australian Alps, draining the western side of Australia's highest mountains and, for most of its length, meanders across Australia's inland plains, forming the border between New South Wales and Victoria as it flows to the northwest,. The state's origins are unique in Australia as a freely-settled, planned British province,^{[citation needed]} rather than as a convict During the late 18th and 19th centuries, large numbers of convicts were transported to the various Australian penal colonies by the British government. One of the primary reasons for the British settlement of Australia was the establishment of a penal colony to alleviate pressure on their overburdened correctional facilities. Over the 80 years settlement. Official settlement began on 28 December 1836, when the state was proclaimed at The Old Gum Tree The Old Gum Tree in Glenelg North, South Australia is a historic site associated with Governor John Hindmarsh's Proclamation of the creation of the colony of South Australia. Each year, an anniversary ceremony is held on Proclamation Day, with the current Governor reading out Hindmarsh's original speech by Governor John Hindmarsh Rear-Admiral Sir John Hindmarsh KH RN was a naval officer and the first Governor of South Australia, from 28 December 1836 to 16 July 1838.

The first settlement to be established was Kingscote Kingscote is the largest town on Kangaroo Island, an island off the south coast of South Australia. It is a well established tourist centre, and also the administrative and communications centre. It is also home to a colony of the smallest penguins in the world, the little penguin. It is South Australia's oldest European settlement. At the 2006, Kangaroo Island Kangaroo Island is Australia's third-largest island after Tasmania and Melville Island. It is 112 kilometres southwest of Adelaide at the entrance of Gulf Saint Vincent. At its closest point to the mainland, it is 13 kilometres (8 mi) offshore from Cape Jervis, on the tip of the Fleurieu Peninsula in the state of South Australia. The island is 150, in 1836.^{[citation needed]} The guiding principle behind settlement was that of systematic colonisation, a theory espoused by Edward Gibbon Wakefield Edward Gibbon Wakefield was a British politician, the driving force behind much of the early colonization of South Australia, and later New Zealand. Wakefield, who in 1816 married Eliza Pattle (1799 – 1820), was the eldest son of Edward Wakefield (1774 – 1854) and Susanna Crash (1767 – 1816). He is mentioned and criticised in Chapter 33 of that was later employed by the New Zealand Company The New Zealand Company originated in 1839 in London with the aim of promoting the "systematic" colonisation of New Zealand. The Company intended to follow the colonising principles of Edward Gibbon Wakefield, who envisaged the creation of a new-model English society in the southern hemisphere.^{[citation needed]} The aim was to establish the province as a centre of civilisation for free immigrants Immigration is the introduction of new people into a habitat or population. It is a biological concept and is important in population ecology, differentiated from emigration and migration, promising civil liberties and religious tolerance. Although its history is marked by economic hardship, South Australia has remained politically innovative and culturally vibrant. Today, the state is known as a state of festivals and of fine wine. The state's economy An economy consists of the economic system of a country or other area, the labor, capital and land resources, and the economic agents that socially participate in the production, exchange, distribution, and consumption of goods and services of that area. A given economy is the end result of a process that involves its technological evolution, centres on the agricultural, manufacturing and mining industries and has an increasingly significant finance sector as well.^{[citation needed]}

History

The first recorded European sighting of the South Australian coast was in 1627 when the Dutch The Netherlands (pronounced /ˈnɛðɚləndz/ ; Dutch: Nederland, pronounced [ˈneːdərlɑnt] ( listen)) is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located in North-West Europe. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany ship the Gulden Zeepaert, captained by Francois Thijssen, examined the coastline. Thijssen named his discovery "Pieter Nuyts Land", after the highest ranking individual on board.^{[citation needed]}

The coastline of South Australia was first mapped by Matthew Flinders Captain Matthew Flinders RN was one of the most successful navigators and cartographers of his age. In a career that spanned just over twenty years, he sailed with Captain William Bligh, circumnavigated Australia and encouraged the use of that name for the continent, which had previously been known as New Holland. He survived shipwreck and and Nicolas Baudin in 1802. Baudin referred to the land as "Terre Napoléon".^{[citation needed]}

The land which now forms the state of South Australia was claimed for Britain in 1788 as part of the colony of New South Wales. Although the new colony included almost two thirds of the continent, early settlements were all on the eastern coast and only a few intrepid explorers ventured this far west. It took more than forty years before any serious proposal to establish settlements in the south-western portion of New South Wales were put forward. In 1834, the British Parliament passed the South Australia Act 1834 (Foundation Act), which enabled the province of South Australia to be established. The act stated that 802,511 square kilometres (309,851 sq mi) would be allotted to the colony and it would be convict-free. In contrast to the rest of Australia, terra nullius Terra nullius is a Latin expression deriving from Roman Law meaning 'land belonging to no one' (or 'no man's land'), which is used in international law to describe territory which has never been subject to the sovereignty of any state, or over which any prior sovereign has expressly or implicitly relinquished sovereignty. Sovereignty over did not apply to the new province. The Letters of Patent Letters patent are a type of legal instrument in the form of an open letter issued by a monarch or government, granting an office, right, monopoly, title, or status to a person or to some entity such as a corporation. The opposite of letters patent are letters close (Latin: litterae clausae), which are personal in nature and sealed so that only attached to the Act acknowledged Aboriginal ownership and stated that no actions could be undertaken that would affect the rights of any Aboriginal natives of the said province to the actual occupation and enjoyment in their own persons or in the persons of their descendants of any land therein now actually occupied or enjoyed by such natives. Although the patent guaranteed land rights under force of law for the indigenous inhabitants it was ignored by the South Australian Company authorities and squatters. ^[3]

Settlement of seven vessels and 636 people was temporarily made at Kingscote on Kangaroo Island, until the official site of the colony was selected where Adelaide is currently located. The first immigrants Immigration to the Australian continent is estimated to have begun around 50,000 years ago when the ancestors of Australian Aborigines arrived on the continent via the islands of the Malay Archipelago and New Guinea arrived at Holdfast Bay (near the present day Glenelg) in November 1836, and the colony was proclaimed on 28 December 1836, now known as Proclamation Day Proclamation Day is the South Australian public holiday that celebrates the proclamation of South Australia as a British province. The proclamation was made by Captain John Hindmarsh, beside The Old Gum Tree at Glenelg, on 28 December 1836. The proclamation included the same protection under the law for the local native population as for the. South Australia is the only Australian state to be settled entirely by free settlers.^{[citation needed]}

The plan for the colony was that it would be the ideal embodiment of the best qualities of British society, that is, no religious discrimination or unemployment and, as it was believed that this would also result in very little crime, no provision was made for a gaol. In early 1838 the colonists became concerned after it was reported that convicts who had escaped from the eastern states may make their way to South Australia. The South Australia Police was formed later that year to protect the community and enforce government regulations and the first gaol, a two roomed hut, was opened on January 1, 1839.^[4]

The current flag of South Australia was adopted on 13 January 1904, and is a British blue ensign defaced with the state badge. The badge is described as a Piping Shrike with wings outstretched on a yellow disc. The state badge is believed to have been designed by Robert Craig of the Adelaide School of Arts.

South Australia granted restricted women's suffrage Suffrage, political franchise, or simply the franchise is the civil right to vote, or the exercise of that right. In English, suffrage and its synonyms are sometimes also used to mean the right to run for office , but there are no established qualifying terms to distinguish between these different meanings of the term(s). The right to run for in 1861, and in 1894 became the second place in the world to grant universal suffrage (after New Zealand) where women had the dual rights to vote and to stand for election.^[5]

Geography

The terrain consists largely of arid A desert is a landscape or region that receives an extremely low amount of precipitation, less than enough to support growth of most plants. Deserts are defined as areas with an average annual precipitation of less than 250 millimetres per year, or as areas where more water is lost by evapotranspiration than falls as precipitation. In the Köppen and semi-arid rangelands, with several low mountain ranges A mountain range is a chain of mountains bordered by highlands or separated from other mountains by passes or valleys. Individual mountains within the same mountain range do not necessarily have the same geology, though they often do; they may be a mix of different orogeny, for example volcanoes, uplifted mountains or fold mountains and may,. The most important (but not tallest) is the Mount Lofty-Flinders Ranges Flinders Ranges is the largest mountain range in South Australia, which starts approximately 200 km north west of Adelaide. The discontinuous ranges stretch for over 430 km from Port Pirie to Lake Callabonna. Its most characteristic landmark is Wilpena Pound, a large, sickle-shaped, natural amphitheatre covering nearly 80 square kilometres, system, which extends north about 800 kilometres (497 mi) from Cape Jervis to the northern end of Lake Torrens Lake Torrens is a 5,700 square kilometre endorheic saline rift lake in South Australia. It forms part of the same rift valley that includes Spencer Gulf to the south and is approximately 240 km long. It is in the Lake Torrens National Park, and a permit is required to visit. Lake Torrens is usually a dry salt flat. It has only been filled with. The highest point in the state is not in those ranges; Mount Woodroffe (1,435 metres (4,708 ft)) is in the Musgrave Ranges in the extreme northwest of the state.^[6] The south-western portion of the state consists of the sparsely-inhabited Nullarbor Plain The Nullarbor Plain is part of the area of flat, almost treeless, arid or semi-arid country immediately north of the Great Australian Bight. The word Nullarbor is derived from the Latin nullus, "no", and arbor, "tree", and is pronounced /ˈnʌlɚbɔr/ NUL-ər-bor. It is the world's largest single piece of limestone, and, fronted by the cliffs of the Great Australian Bight The Great Australian Bight is a large bight, or open bay located off the central and western portions of the southern coastline of mainland Australia. Features of the coast include Spencer Gulf The Spencer Gulf is the westernmost of two large inlets on the southern coast of Australia, in the state of South Australia, facing the Great Australian Bight. The Gulf is 322 km (200 mi) long and 129 km (80 mi) wide at its mouth. The western shore of the Gulf is the Eyre Peninsula, while the eastern side is the Yorke Peninsula, which separates it and the Eyre and Yorke Peninsulas that surround it.

The principal industries and exports of South Australia are wheat, wine and wool.^{[citation needed]} More than half of Australia's wines are produced in the South Australian wine regions which include: Barossa Valley, Clare Valley, McLaren Vale, Coonawarra, Adelaide Hills, Riverland The Riverland, is a region of South Australia. It covers the area near the River Murray from where it flows into South Australia downstream to Blanchetown. The major town centres are Renmark, Berri, Loxton, Waikerie and Barmera. Each of these are accompanied by minor townships, the total area comprising approximately 30,000 people. Many of the and a number of others - see South Australian wine.

South Australia has boundaries with every other Australian state and territory except the Australian Capital Territory The Australian Capital Territory is the capital territory of the Commonwealth of Australia and its smallest self-governing internal territory. It is enclaved within New South Wales, and regularly referred to as Australia's 'Bush Capital' and Tasmania Tasmania is an Australian island and state. It is located 240 kilometres south of the continent, from which it is separated by Bass Strait. The state includes the island of Tasmania – the 26th largest island in the world – and the surrounding islands. The state has a population of 500,000 (as of December 2008[update]), of whom almost half. The area now known as the Northern Territory was annexed to South Australia in 1863, however it was handed over to the federal government in 1911 and became a separate territory. South Australia's south coast is flanked by the Southern Ocean.

Climate

The southern part of the state has a Mediterranean climate A Mediterranean climate is the climate typical of most of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin. Worldwide, this is where the largest area of this climate type is found. Beyond the Mediterranean area, this climatic type prevails in much of California, in parts of Western and South Australia, in southwestern South Africa and in parts of central.^[7] South Australia's main temperature range is 29 °C Celsius is a temperature scale that is named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), who developed a similar temperature scale two years before his death. The degree Celsius (°C) can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale as well as a unit to indicate a temperature interval (a difference between two temperatures (84 °F Fahrenheit is the temperature scale proposed in 1724 by, and named after, the physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit . Today, the temperature scale has been replaced by the Celsius scale in most countries. It is still in use in few nations, such as United States and Belize) in January and 15 °C (59 °F) in July. Daily temperatures in parts of the state in January and February can be up to 48 °C (118 °F).

The highest maximum temperature was recorded as 50.7 °C (123.3 °F) at Oodnadatta on 2 January 1960, which is also the highest official temperature recorded in Australia. The lowest minimum temperature was −8 °C (17.6 °F) at Yongala on 20 July 1976.^[8]

Economy

The manufacturing industry plays a very important role in South Australia's economy, generating 15% of the state's Gross State Product Gross state product is a measurement of the economic output of a state or province. It is the sum of all value added by industries within the state and serves as a counterpart to the gross domestic product or GDP (GSP) and playing a large part in exports. The manufacturing industry consists of automotive (44% of total Australian production, 2006) and component manufacturing, pharmaceuticals A pharmaceutical drug, also referred to as medicine, medication or medicament, can be loosely defined as any chemical substance intended for use in the medical diagnosis, cure, treatment, or prevention of disease, defence technology (2.1% of GSP, 2002–2003) and electronic systems (3.0% of GSP in 2006). South Australia's economy relies on exports more than any other state in Australia.^{[citation needed]}

Export earnings stand at AUD$10 billion worth per year^{[when?][citation needed]} and grew by 8.8% from 2002 to 2003.

Production of South Australian food and drink (including agriculture, horticulture, aquaculture, fisheries and manufacturing) is a $10 billion industry.^{[when?][citation needed]}

South Australia's economic growth has lagged behind the rest of Australia for some time^[when?] (2.1% from 2002 to 2003), but performance seems to be improving.^[when?] South Australia's credit rating A credit rating estimates the credit worthiness of an individual, corporation, or even a country. It is an evaluation made by credit bureaus of a borrower’s overall credit history. A credit rating is also known as an evaluation of a potential borrower's ability to repay debt, prepared by a credit bureau at the request of the lender . Credit was upgraded to AAA+,^[when?] having lost it in the State Bank collapse. South Australia's Gross State Product was AUD The Australian dollar is the currency of the Commonwealth of Australia, including Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Norfolk Island, as well as the independent Pacific Island states of Kiribati, Nauru and Tuvalu. Within Australia it is almost always abbreviated with the dollar sign ($), with A$ or AU$ sometimes used informally to$48.9 billion starting 2004, making it AUD The Australian dollar is the currency of the Commonwealth of Australia, including Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Norfolk Island, as well as the independent Pacific Island states of Kiribati, Nauru and Tuvalu. Within Australia it is almost always abbreviated with the dollar sign ($), with A$ or AU$ sometimes used informally to$32,996 per capita. Exports for 2006 were valued at $9.0bn with imports at $6.2bn. Private Residential Building Approvals experienced 80% growth over the year of 2006.^{[citation needed]}

South Australia's economy includes the following major industries: meat and meat preparations, wheat, wine, wool and sheepskins, machinery, metal and metal manufactures, fish and crustaceans, road vehicles and parts, and petroleum products. Other industries, such as education and defence technology, are of growing importance.^{[when?][citation needed]}

South Australia receives the least amount of federal funding for its local road network of all states on a per capita and a per kilometre basis.^[9]

Olympic Dam

South Australia possesses the world's single largest known deposit of uranium Uranium is a silvery-white metallic chemical element in the actinide series of the periodic table with atomic number 92. It is assigned the chemical symbol U. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, in which 6 of the electrons are valence electrons. The uranium nucleus binds between 141 and 146 neutrons, establishing six isotopes, the most, at the Olympic Dam The deposit was discovered by Western Mining Corporation in 1975 and started production in 1987. It now belongs to BHP Billiton, which acquired WMC Resources in 2005. The mine currently operates by an underground mining method called sublevel open stoping, using modern and highly productive mining equipment. The March 2005 mine production rate is mine. Olympic Dam contains 40% of the world's known uranium reserves. The Olympic Dam mine is also the world's fourth largest remaining copper Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu (Latin: cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. Pure copper is rather soft and malleable, and a freshly exposed surface has a pinkish or peachy color. It is used as a thermal conductor, an electrical conductor, a building material, and a deposit, and the world's fifth largest gold Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from Latin: aurum, "shining dawn", hence adjective, aureate) and an atomic number of 79. It has been a highly sought-after precious metal for coinage, jewelry, and other arts since the beginning of recorded history. The metal occurs as nuggets or grains in rocks, in veins and in alluvial deposit.^{[citation needed]}

Government

South Australia is a constitutional monarchy with the Queen of Australia as Sovereign, and the Governor of South Australia as her representative.^[10] It is a state of the Commonwealth of Australia. Its bicameral parliament consists of a House of Assembly (lower house) and a Legislative Council (upper house), with legislative elections held every four years. The current Premier of South Australia is Mike Rann, a member of the Australian Labor Party.

Initially, the Governor of South Australia held almost total power, derived from the Letters Patent of the Imperial Government to create the colony. He was only accountable to the British Colonial Office, and thus democracy did not exist in the colony. A new body was created to advise the governor on the administration of South Australia in 1843 called the Legislative Council.^[11] It consisted of three representatives of the British Government and four colonists appointed by the governor. The governor retained total executive power.

In 1851, the Imperial Parliament enacted the Australian Colonies Government Act which allowed for the election of representatives to each of the colonial legislatures and the drafting of a Constitution to properly create representative and responsible Government in South Australia. Later that year, wealthy male colonists were allowed to vote for 16 members on a new 24 seat Legislative Council. Eight members continued to be appointed by the governor.

The main responsibility of this body was to draft a Constitution for South Australia. The body drafted the most democratic constitution ever seen in the British Empire and provided for manhood suffrage. It created the bicameral Parliament of South Australia. For the first time in the colony, the executive was elected by the people and the colony used the Westminster system, where the government is the party or coalition that exerts a majority in the House of Assembly. In 1894, South Australia was the first Australian colony to allow women to vote and it had the first Parliament in the world to allow women to be elected as members. Catherine Helen Spence was the first woman in Australia to be a candidate for political office when she nominated to be one of South Australia's delegates to the constitutional conventions that drafted the Constitution. South Australia became an original state of the Commonwealth of Australia on 1 January 1901.

Demographics

Population

A majority of the state's population lives within Adelaide's metropolitan area which had an estimated population of 1,158,259 in 2007 (70.3% of the state). Other significant population centres include Mount Barker (approx. 29 149), Mount Gambier (approx. 23,494), Whyalla (21,122), Murray Bridge (18,364), Port Augusta (13,257), Port Pirie (13,206), Port Lincoln (13,044), and Victor Harbor (10,380).^[12]

Education

On 1 January 2009, the school leaving age was raised to 17 (having previously been 15 and then 16).^[13] Education is compulsory for all children until age 17, unless they are working or undergoing other training. The majority of students stay on to complete their South Australian Certificate of Education (SACE). School education is the responsibility of the South Australian government, but the public and private education systems are funded jointly by it and the Commonwealth Government.

The South Australian Government provides, to schools on a per student basis, 89 percent of the total Government funding while the Commonwealth contributes 11 percent. Since the early 1970s it has been an ongoing controversy^[14] that 68 percent of Commonwealth funding (increasing to 75% by 2008) goes to private schools that are attended by 32% of the states students.^[15] Private schools often refute this by saying that they receive less State Government funding than public schools and in 2004 the main private school funding came from the Australian government, not the state government.^[16]

There are three public and two private universities in South Australia. The University of Adelaide (established 1874), The Flinders University of South Australia (est. 1966), and The University of South Australia (est. 1991) are the public universities. All three have their main campuses in the Adelaide metropolitan area (UofA and UniSA on North Terrace in the city, Flinders at Bedford Park), but also have other campuses distributed around the metropolitan area, around the state, and the University of Adelaide also has a campus in Singapore. Carnegie Mellon University's Heinz School and "Entertainment Technology Center", and Cranfield University, also have campuses in Adelaide.^[17]

Metropolitan campuses include: The Waite at Urrbrae, Research Park at Thebarton, The National Wine Centre in the Adelaide Park Lands, Magill, Mawson Lakes and Parafield.

Rural and regional campuses include: The Flinders University Rural Clinical Schools at Mount Gambier, Goolwa and Renmark, The Lincoln Marine Science Centre at Port Lincoln, Roseworthy College near Roseworthy, and UniSA campuses in Mount Gambier and Whyalla.^[18][19][20]

Tertiary vocational education is provided by TAFE South Australia colleges throughout the state.

Sport

Australian rules football

Australian rules football is the most popular spectator sport in South Australia, with South Australians having the highest attendance rate in Australia.^[21] The state also has the highest participation rate of people taking part in Australian rules football, with over 2.2% of the population aged 18 years and over participating in the sport.^[22]

South Australia fields two teams in the Australian Football League national competition: the Adelaide Crows and Port Adelaide Power. In 2006, The Adelaide Crows had a membership base of 50,000,^[23] higher than any of the other 15 teams in the competition.

The South Australian National Football League, which owns the dedicated Australian Football stadium AAMI Stadium, is a popular local league comprising nine teams.

The South Australian Amateur Football League comprises sixty-eight member clubs playing over one hundred and ten matches per week across ten Senior divisions and three Junior Divisions. The SAAFL is one of Australia's largest and strongest Australian rules football associations.^[24]

Cricket

Cricket is the most popular summer sport in South Australia and attracts big crowds. South Australia has a cricket team, the Southern Redbacks, who play at Adelaide Oval in the Adelaide Park Lands during the summer; however they have not won a title since 1996. The Redbacks currently have three players who hold a contract with Cricket Australia. Many international matches have been played at the Adelaide Oval. It was one of the host cities of 1992 Cricket World Cup.

Football

South Australia's Football (soccer) team in the A-League is Adelaide United F.C. The club's home ground is Hindmarsh Stadium.

The club was founded in 2003 and was premier in the inaugural 2005–06 A-League season, finishing 7 points clear of the rest of the competition, before finishing 3rd in the finals. Adelaide United was also a Grand Finalist in the 2006–07 and 2008–09 seasons. Adelaide has the best winning record of all clubs in the A-League; Adelaide is the only A-League club to be present at the Asian Champions League more than once, making it the most successful Australian club in Asia.

Basketball

Basketball also has a big following in South Australia, with the Adelaide 36ers playing out of an 8,070 seat stadium in Findon. The 36ers have won four championships in the last 20 years in the National Basketball League (Australia).

Motor sport

Australia’s premier motor sport series, the V8 Supercar Championship Series, has visited South Australia each year since its inception in 1999. South Australia’s V8 Supercar event, the Clipsal 500 Adelaide, is staged on the Adelaide Street Circuit, a temporary track laid out through the streets and parklands to the east of the Adelaide CBD. Attendance for the 2010 event totalled 277,800.^[25] An earlier version of the Adelaide Street Circuit played host to the Australian Grand Prix, a round of the FIA Formula One World Championship, each year from 1985 to 1995.

Mallala Motor Sport Park, a permanent circuit located near the town of Mallala, 58 kms north of Adelaide, caters for both state and national level motor sport throughout the year.

Other sports

Fifty-nine percent of South Australian children take part in organised sports. For boys, soccer has the highest participation rate (22%), followed by swimming (16%). For girls netball is most popular (18%), also followed by swimming (16%).^[26]

Notable places

See also

• Adelaide
• Country Fire Service
• Proclamation Day: 28 December 1836
• South Australian Ambulance Service
• South Australian English

Food and drink:

• Farmers Union Iced Coffee
• Pie floater
• South Australian food and drink
• South Australian wine

Lists:

• List of cities and towns in South Australia
• List of highways in South Australia
• List of people from Adelaide
• Local Government Areas of South Australia
• List of films shot in Adelaide

References

• Dorothy Jauncey, Bardi Grubs and Frog Cakes — South Australian Words, Oxford University Press (2004) ISBN 0-19-551770-9

Footnotes

1. ^ 5220.0 - Australian National Accounts: State Accounts, 2008-09 (Reissue), Australian Bureau of Statistics, 22 December 2009.
2. ^ Most Australians describe the body of water south of the continent as the Southern Ocean, rather than the Indian Ocean as officially defined by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). In the year 2000, a vote of IHO member nations defined the term "Southern Ocean" as applying only to the waters between Antarctica and 60 degrees south latitude.
3. ^ Ngadjuri Walpa Juri Lands and Heritage Association (Undated). Gnadjuri. SASOSE Council Inc. ISBN 0 646 42821 7.
4. ^ History of Adelaide Gaol
5. ^ Women and Politics in South Australia The State Library of South Australia
6. ^ "Highest Mountains". Geoscience Australia. http://www.ga.gov.au/education/facts/landforms/highmtns.htm#state. Retrieved 28 May 2006.
7. ^ "Climate and Weather". Government of South Australia. Atlas South Australia. 28 April 2004. http://www.atlas.sa.gov.au/go/resources/atlas-of-south-australia-1986/environment-resources/climate-and-weather. Retrieved 6 December 2009.
8. ^ "Rainfall and Temperature Records: National" (PDF). Bureau of Meteorology. http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/extreme/records/national.pdf. Retrieved 14 November 2009.
9. ^ "Inquiry into Local Government and Cost Shifting". Australian House of Representatives. 2003. http://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/efpa/localgovt/submissions/sub308.pdf. Retrieved 11 June 2007.
10. ^ "R v Governor of South Australia (1907) HCA 31; (1907) 4 CLR 1497 (8 August 1907)". Australasian Legal Information Institute. 2008. http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/1907/31.html. Retrieved 19 July 2008.
11. ^ "Legislative Council 1843-1856". Parliament of South Australia. 2005. http://www.parliament.sa.gov.au/about/1_1_1_legcouncil.shtm. Retrieved 28 May 2006.
12. ^ "Estimated Resident Population, SA". ABS. 31 March 2008. http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/3218.02006-07?OpenDocument. Retrieved 16 September 2008.
13. ^ Owen, Michael (22 May 2006). "School leaving age to be raised". The Advertiser (News Corp). http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,19215505-1246,00.html. Retrieved 28 May 2006.
14. ^ "The Redefinition of Public Education". Archived from the original on 2008-02-15. http://web.archive.org/web/20080215174248/http://www.aeufederal.org.au/Debates/ReidPaper.html. Retrieved 2010-07-12.
15. ^ "Chapter 2: Resourcing Australia's schools". Ministerial Council National Report on Schooling in Australia. http://cms.curriculum.edu.au/anr2008/ch2_student.htm.
16. ^ Bill Daniels (12 April 2004). "Government funding should encourage private schools not penalise them". http://www.onlineopinion.com.au/view.asp?article=2119. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
17. ^ "Welcome to ETC: Australia". Carnegie Mellon University. http://www.etc.cmu.edu/australia/. Retrieved 28 May 2006.
18. ^ "Regional and interstate locations". Flinders University. 5 June 2009. http://www.flinders.edu.au/campus/location/regional-interstate-locations.cfm. Retrieved 5 June 2009.
19. ^ "Campuses and maps". University of Adelaide. 5 June 2009. http://www.adelaide.edu.au/campuses/. Retrieved 5 June 2009.
20. ^ "Campuses and maps". University of South Australia. 17 April 2009. http://www.unisa.edu.au/about/campuses/default.asp. Retrieved 17 April 2009.
21. ^ 4174.0 Sports Attendance, Australia, 2005-06, 25 Jan 2007, Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved on 5 July 2009.
22. ^ source AuSport 2000^{[not specific enough to verify]}
23. ^ Adelaide Crows (23 May 2006). "50,000 milestone coming closer". Press release. http://afc.com.au/default.asp?pg=news&spg=display&articleid=267980. Retrieved 28 May 2006.
24. ^ South Australian Amateur Football League. Retrieved on 5 July 2009.
25. ^ Early March the only date for Clipsal 500 Retrieved from www.speedcafe.com.au/ on 3 May 2010
26. ^ Children's Participation in Cultural and Leisure Activities, Australian Bureau of Statistics.

External links

• South Australia Central
• Official Insignia And Emblems Page
• South Australian Tourism Commission - Travel Guides, Accommodation, Tours, Online Booking, Maps etc
• South Australia's Climate Change Strategy (2007)
• The Encyclopædia of South Australian Culture Locals reflect on South Australian culture.
• Ground Truth - towards an Environmental History of South Australia Community resources

Categories: South Australia | States and territories of Australia | States and territories established in 1836

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